精炼镁渣制光卤石和硫酸镁工艺研究

介绍了用精炼镁渣制取光卤石和硫酸镁的工艺过程,探讨了制备的工艺条件及有关影响因素。     

碳氨双循环法自白云石制备轻质氧化镁

以白云石为原料，采用碳氨双循环法制备轻质氧化镁，提出新工艺及最佳工艺条件，并为其工业化提供依据。     

白色结晶硫化钠的工艺实验条件摸索

针对近几年国内外硫化碱市场需求,研制出了一种硫化钠质量分数为45%左右的白色高纯结晶硫化钠新产品。实验分别以煤粉还原硫酸钠工艺所得的硫化钠精卤和生产硫酸钡的副产硫化钠为原料,最佳工艺条件为:结晶前硫化钠质量分数为38% ~39%,结晶温度65℃,结晶时间3 ~4h,离心分离。所得硫化钠晶体颗粒均匀,质量稳定,杂质含量极低,且用副产硫化钠为原料得到的晶体质量更好。     

Fenton氧化-好氧接触工艺处理高浓度硫酸盐的LAS废水

采用Fenton氧化-好氧接触工艺替代常规的物化法和生物法对含高浓度硫酸盐的LAS废水进行处理,并研究其影响因素及适宜条件。Fenton试剂氧化的优化操作条件:Fe2 的质量浓度为0.6 g/L,H2O2质量浓度为0.12 g/L,反应40 min,实验结果表明,经Fenton氧化后废水的COD由1 500 mg/L降至230 mg/L,废水的LAS质量浓度由490 mg/L降至23 mg/L。在上述的操作条件下,采用Fenton氧化的方法对某日用化工厂排放的实际废水进行预处理,Fenton氧化后的出水在好氧接触氧化装置中停留20 h,最终出水的COD和LAS均达到广东省一级废水排放标准,COD和LAS的总去除率分别达到95%和99%以上,处理效果良好。     

Processing and properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3-based ceramics

Ceramic compositions of a combination between lead magnesium niobate, Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃, and lead titanate, PbTiO₃, were fabricated using the Mg₄Nb₂O₉ precursor technique. Their electrical properties with respect to temperature and frequency were examined and the effect of sintering conditions on phase formation, densification, microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics were examined. It has been found that optimisation of sintering conditions can lead to a highly dense and pyrochlore-free PMN–PT ceramics. The gradual decrease of the physical properties of the sintered ceramics was related to the gradual decrease of density and inhomogeneous microstructure. The results also revealed that for the lower concentration of lead titanate, a relaxor behaviour is noticed with a high electrostrictive effect, which was almost hysteretic free. However, higher amount of lead titanate led to a normal ferroelectric behaviour.     

油田用Fe(Ⅵ)化合物杀菌剂性能评价试验研究

以油田杀菌剂的研制和开发为背景，以制备环境友好杀菌剂并研究其应用为目的，开发了新型油田杀菌剂，并对其性能进行评价。Fe（Ⅵ）化合物杀菌剂是以高铁酸盐（K2FeO4）为主剂的一种氧化型杀菌剂，对各种细菌具有广泛的杀灭作用，可以杀灭油田水中硫酸盐还原菌、腐生菌、铁细菌等。在室内合成该杀菌剂，然后取K2FeO4固体粉末加2～6 mol／L KOH水溶液，配制成0．1％～1％碱性溶液，即为杀菌剂工作液；最后采用绝迹稀释法，测定加杀菌剂前后水样中硫酸盐还原菌、腐生菌和铁细菌的含量，计算杀菌率，评价杀菌效果，确定了杀菌剂在油田水杀菌过程中的使用条件，并从杀菌的角度初步验证了该杀菌剂对油田水中硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌、腐生菌的杀菌功效。     

On the intrinsic activity of vanadium centres in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over V–Ca–O and V–Mg–O catalysts

The performance of V–Ca–O catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane has been studied for the first time, being compared with that of similar V–Mg–O catalysts, and their differences are interpreted in terms of their physico-chemical properties. The VCaO catalyst showed the same initial selectivity to propene as the most selective VMgO composition, but it decreased faster with increasing propane conversion. Vanadium species present in the catalyst surface were different for the two supports: isolated V⁵⁺ tetrahedra on CaO and magnesium orthovanadate and pyrovanadate on MgO. The intrinsic activity of isolated vanadium centres in the surface of the V–Ca–O catalyst was more than one order of magnitude higher than that of dimeric or polymeric tetahedral species in the magnesium-containing catalysts. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

海水在碱性印染废水处理中的研究

实验采用海水对实际印染废水进行处理.考察了pH、海水投加量、温度以及沉淀时间等对脱色率的影响,同时对海水脱色的机理进行了探讨.结果表明,废水的脱色率主要受pH、海水投加量的影响.海水在适宜的条件下对实际印染废水的脱色率可达到99%以上,CODCr去除率可达到57%.     

Zirconium sulfate supported on activated carbon as catalyst for esterification of oleic acid by n-butanol under solvent-free conditions

It has been shown that the activated carbon-supported zirconium sulfate (ZS) is an efficient solid catalyst for the esterification of oleic acid by n-butanol under solvent-free condition. The effect of mole ratio of the reactant, time and catalyst loading on the conversion was examined. The correlation among XRD, nitrogen adsorption data and catalytic activity suggested that ZS has been finely dispersed on activated carbon, which are active in the esterification of oleic acid. The reaction shows that the supported ZS exhibits a higher activity than that of parent ZS and conventional resins.     

钙镁磷肥高炉灰渣的利用

目前，大多数钙镁磷肥企业对磷肥高炉产生的瓦斯灰均弃置不用，这不仅污染环境，而且浪费资源。本文对瓦斯灰的综合利用提出压砖入炉的合理化建议。